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Understanding Aphantasia

Science-based information about the mental imagery spectrum – from aphantasia to hyperphantasia.

What is Aphantasia?

Aphantasia is the inability to voluntarily create mental images. When you imagine a red apple – can you see it in your mind's eye? People with aphantasia see nothing. They know what an apple looks like, but cannot visualize it. This affects about 1% of the population.

At a Glance

About 0.9-1.2% have strict aphantasia (Wright et al. 2024)
Another 3% have hypophantasia (reduced imagery)
Not a disease – a neurological variation
Term coined in 2015 by Adam Zeman

All about Aphantasia

The Imagery Spectrum

Mental imagery exists on a spectrum. Most people fall somewhere in the middle.

Aphantasia (1%)

Hypophantasia (3%)

Typical (90%)

Hyperphantasia (3-6%)

Explore Topics

What is Aphantasia?

Definition, history, types (congenital/acquired), prevalence, and scientific facts.

Types of Aphantasia

Visual, multisensory, and total aphantasia. Plus: Anauralia (no inner voice).

Scientific Background

Neurology, cognitive research, genetics, and the three main testing methods.

Living with Aphantasia

Practical strategies, careers, relationships, and the surprising advantages.

Hyperphantasia

The other extreme: Extremely vivid, photorealistic mental images. Advantages and challenges.

Research & Sources

Current studies, research projects, key publications, and further resources.

Where are you on the spectrum?

Find out in 5 minutes. Our scientifically validated tests (VVIQ, PSIQ, Binocular Rivalry) objectively measure your imagery ability.

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